South Africa and diamonds

Africa is equal to the diamond. Because this produces the world's high-quality diamonds. How there are diamonds in South Africa?
The story of diamonds in South Africa can be traced back to 1870, was named 阿德里安范 Vic (Adriann van Wyk) of the farmers in the Northern Cape Province, Kimberley (Kimberley) has a farm nearby, and when he found himself The children are playing with a few diamonds, everything will start from.
South Africa's why so many diamonds? The original, in South Africa occurred in the geological history of volcanic activity, high temperature will be such a strong material composed of carbon for the diamond crystal, in which good quality diamond jewelry has become the first choice of people, gradually called for the diamond.
Diamonds were first sent to the ground by volcanic eruptions, and most of the way to a rock called kimberlite pipes, or "throat", this rocks like a pipe in the ground, like from crust through pipes to the ground. Because these rocks from the old pipe is formed by volcanic activity, so diggers could only dig down as much as possible to excavate the diamond, until the hills into a hole. Now, here was simply called "big hole" (The Big Hole). diamond diamond.yifei8.net
Today, the Kimberley hole is a famous tourist attraction, it covers an area of 17 hectares, 1.6 km radius. About 2,200 tons of soil were excavated from here, produced the 14,504,566 karats of diamonds (about equal to 2722 kg), until 1914, where the stone was completely dug. At that time, the open pit mine has been 215 meters deep and up to 1,100 meters deep mining tunnels. Currently, water seepage and rainwater has flooded half of the hole.
South African geologists also discovered a number of other kimberlite pipes containing diamonds, and South Africa today in the Kimberley and other areas around there are many large holes. South Africa is the world's diamond production of power.
Diamond How to Make the ground?
Mantle diamonds from the carbon particles, due to the combined effect of high temperature and high pressure, carbon is turned into a diamond crystal of that. Most diamonds found in the same pillar as kimberlite pipes, its oval shape like a large cylinder, or goes to the next small funnel. When the pillar by the external forces of erosion, the formation of the impact of diamond placer or coastal sands, such as India and Brazil on the production of diamonds in this alluvial formation. diamond diamond.yifei8.net
The diamond-bearing kimberlite, mostly in the ancient shield on the floor or ground. So most of the diamonds are more than 30 billion years of history, even the youngest diamond is also formed in 7000 years ago. Although not as that of biological evolution of a long and ancient history, but it also have the imprint of the times.
The melting point of diamond 1878 ℃, 2.5 times of steel. Many diamonds in the yellow color is due to the residual effect of nitrogen and made to the quality evaluation is also greatly reduced, but the diamond on the market today is new fashionable accessories. In pure or white diamonds, nitrogen filters after millions of years had vanished.
Although diamond is the hardest material in nature, but may also use a hammer to crack it, some even under high temperature combustion can.

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